How Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Are Related? Essay

RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center plans to leverage its business model to satisfy three primary consumer needs – information, cost effectiveness and quality in a single place. As far as information generation is concerned, RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center plans to use opinion leaders to generate extensive reviews on popular products. Furthermore RABBIRRA mobile accessory center plans to offer attractive incentives for customers to sign up on our web site and review products. We also plan to import high quality of china model mobile accessories and other countries model. 2. Cost effectiveness: With its expertise in wholesaling and all its suppliers based in China, RABBIRRA mobile accessory center anticipates margins of 30-60% on its products and can react to new entrants by offering similar products at negligible margins. 1. 3 Location Locating the business will be in East showa at Gedo City kebele 01 near Chaliya Hotel. The reason for chosen this location has been the following criteria. In this location we get all facilities easily such as transport, water supply, electric power supply and others, the house rent is very less cost, we get a lot of customers because around the location there is no more other business to operate this activities. It is comfortable to target markets . the location also enables the business to cover a large and rapidly developing customer populace. E-Commerce: The business will make an effort to enhance its sales through a serious and advantageous website in order to attract customers that are reluctant to do business with large companies. 1. 4 Market area The market area of our business plan to selling our mobile accessories is in the center of Gedo City kebele 01. It has a lot of population around here and it is near to Chaliya Hotel. In this area there are a lot of schools, building constrictions, and social and religion institutes, other market centers, hotels and restaurants this give a better advantage of selling our products. 1. 5 Market Segmentation RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center will focus on  five customer groups, bearing in mind that it is quite customary today to have more than one mobile phone per family: * Children in the age group of 14-17 years old Students * General public * Professionals * Service organizations and companies that need to be in constant communication with their employees. Customer potential| Growth| Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Children(14-17 years)| 3%| 90,000| 92,700| 95,481| Student| 2 %| 50,000| 51,000| 52,020| Professions| 2 %| 40,000| 40,800| 41,616| General public| 2%| 250,000| 255,000| 260,100| Operating service company| 4%| 40,000| 41,600| 43,264| Other| 1%| 30,000| 30,300| 30,603| Total| 2. 29%| 500,000| 511,400| 523,084| Table 1. 1 Main customers of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center . 6 Total demand The following table is show demands of the product per month and pre year:- Products| Demand per month(quantity)| Demand per year(quantity)| Battery| 100| 1200| Charger| 90| 1080| Memory| 110| 1320| Screen protector| 50| 600| Case| 55| 660| Cover| 95| 1140| Adapter| 75| 900| Earphone| 98| 1176| Headset| 80| 960| Cable| 60| 720| Modem| 45| 240| Audio accessory| 48| 576| Table 1. 2 Main product demands of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center In general total demand of our business is increased based on as we see that he number of customers are increases and they will satisfy by our product and the place of the business is comfortable for the market. 1. 7 Market Share RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center has set modest goals for gains in market share as can be seen from the chart below. Starting with a market share of 15%, RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center plans to capture 24% of the market by 2016. % 30 25 20 15 10 0 Year 1 year 2 year 3 Fig 1. 1 Market sharing of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 8 Selling price Many product sellers are struggle with selling price, and we are regularly asked how we work it out. As much as we want to and the selling price formula is based on â€Å"Rate-Plus Method†. The selling price of each product is the following:- Products| Purchasing price (birr)| Profit ( percent)| Profit (birr)| Selling price(birr)| Battery| 73. 45| 10. 27| 7. 55| 80. 00| Charger| 24. 50| 22. 45| 5. 5| 30. 00| Memory| 65. 70| 14. 15| 9. 30| 75. 00| Screen protector| 43. 80| 14. 15| 6. 20| 50. 00| Case| 17. 00| 17. 65| 3. 00| 20. 00| Cover| 21. 50| 16. 28| 3. 50| 25. 00| Adapter| 18. 60| 18. 28| 3. 40| 22. 00| Earphone| 23. 00| 21. 74| 5. 00| 28. 00| Headset| 85. 40| 17. 38| 14. 60| 100. 00| Cable| 35. 0| 12. 04| 4. 30| 40. 00| Modem| 53. 65| 11. 84| 6. 35| 60. 00| Audio accessory| 92. 00| 19. 58| 18. 00| 110. 00| Table 1. 3 Product selling price of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 9 Sales Forecast Sales forecast displayed here is very although we aim very high, we decided to show a very slow growth and revise the plan on a yearly basis. As a rule we expect to expand the volu me much more rapidly Year 1 Products| Amount (quantity)| Price (birr)| Battery| 1,200| 96,800| Charger| 1,080| 32,400| Memory| 1,320| 99,000| Screen protector| 600| 30,000| Case| 660| 13,200| Cover| 1,140| 28,500| Adapter| 900| 19,800| Earphone| 1,176| 32,928| Headset| 960| 96,000| Cable| 720| 28,800| Modem| 540| 32,400| Audio accessory| 576| 63,360| Total| 10,872| 573,188| Table 1. 4 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year one) Year 2 Products| Amount (quantity)| Price (birr)| Battery| 1344| 107,520| Charger| 1209| 36,270| Memory| 1478| 110,850| Screen protector| 672| 33,600| Case| 739| 14,780| Cover| 1276| 31,900| Adapter| 1008| 22,176| Earphone| 1317| 36,876| Headset| 1075| 107,500| Cable| 806| 32,240| Modem| 605| 36,300| Audio accessory| 642| 70,620| Total| 12,171| 640,632| Table 1. Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year two) Year 3 Products| Amount (quantity)| Price (birr)| Battery| 1505| 120,400| Charger| 1354| 40,620| Memory| 1655| 124,125| Screen protector| 753| 37,650| Case| 828| 16,560| Cover| 1429| 37,725| Adapter| 1128| 24,816| Earphone| 1475| 41,300| Headset| 1204| 120,400| Cable| 903| 36,120| Modem| 678| 40,680| Audio accessory| 719| 79,090| Total | 13,631| 719,486| Table 1. 6 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year three) Fig 1. 2 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 10 Promotion measures Primarily when we begin agreement selling the product we sell that product price without including our labor and other expenses sell the product only the cost of the purchasing product. In addition to this we advertisement by satisfied customers, use of posters, Brochures, billboards and regular prompt supply by the manufacturer. 1. 11 Marketing Strategy Short-term marketing strategies are those that bring  will bring us  a temporary boost in traffic. Although these techniques are very important to  our over-all plan, they are only a temporary traffic source and must not be solely relied upon. Short-term marketing strategies include: * Purchasing Advertising * Bulletin Boards * Search Engines Long-term marketing strategies are those that will bring  us a steady stream of targeted traffic over time. These strategies will continue to produce results even years down the road. Long-term marketing strategies include: * Decide-in Lists * Free gift * Content By creating and implementing a balanced marketing strategy, using both short-term and long-term strategies,  RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center  will drive a steady stream of targeted traffic to our website. Using this simple formula when creating  our Internet marketing strategy and excelling at all three, we hope to  guarantee our success. Our short-term marketing strategy will focus heavily on sales promotion, niche positioning in the market and customer service with loyalty and retention in sales. Our promotions will always stay in tune with our company objectives and mission statement. Sales Strategy Constructing our Sales Strategy we shall follow the following steps: Sales Success Requires Planning  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ we shall formulate our sales strategy and tactics to achieve our sales success. Analyze Our Potential  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ we shall step through a structured process that will prepare  us for the development of our sales strategy. Strategize Around Strengths  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the description of our sales activity  will be analyzed producing a report that reveals factors impacting our sales potential. Develop Our Tactics  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ we shall receive guidance to develop a comprehensive tactical plan to achieve our success. Measures Our Success  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ we shall constantly develop key measurements that mark the progress of financial estimates that guide our growth. Employ an Action Plan for Success  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ we shall provide our sales force a clear tactical plan that is also aligned with management’s strategic objectives. The sales strategy of RABBIRRA mobile accessory center is simple. The key to customer satisfaction is having the product and  services  that meet the customer’s needs. A crucial part of that is to also have knowledgeable  employees to help customers quickly find what they want. 1. 12 Marketing budget RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory has a high quality products compare to our competitors. We have a skillful promotion is social networks other advertising business card to peoples, by allocating brochures, Billboards and other tools. Since those costs that are used in our promotion are not too much costly because we develop by ourselves. In addition to this promotion in social networks in not costly it is free to post our products to advertise. Totally we for month marketing budget of birr 40 or annual budget of birr 480. Chapter two 2. Production 2. 1 Production Process The production process is a component appearing under the operating plan of the overall of our business plan. The production process is the process a product or service takes in order for it to become ready for customers to buy. In our business we have no production process since we are not going to produce production materials instead we are going to share the product as a centralized organ. To progresses our business the following things should be fulfilled. 1. Selecting the appropriate place to sale our products 2. Having enough money to do the business 3. Decide what customers available for our production 2. 2 Fixed Capital Fixed capital Building 11,400(annually in birr) Equipment: Computers 8,000 ? 1 =8,000 3 Shelves 2,000 x 3 =6,000 3 tables 500 x 3=1,500 4 chairs 450Ãâ€"4=1,800 1 speaker 650Ãâ€"1=650 2 adapters 60Ãâ€"2=120 2 calculators 90Ãâ€"2=180 Total fixed asset 29,650 2. 3 Life of fixed capitals The life of the fixed building is undetermined because it is not owned by us. The life of computers, shelves, tables, speakers, chairs and adapters are more than 10 years because we can maintain computers, speakers and adapters when it fails and we repair chairs and tables when it breaks. The life of a shelf is more than 10 years because it is regularly used when we are putting materials. The annual depreciation cost, assuming no scrap value, will therefore be: 5 % of 11,400 (Building)Birr 570 10% of 18,250 (equipment) Birr 1,825 Annual depreciation cost: Birr 2,395 . 4 Maintenance and repairs Because of simplicity of equipment the worker of the shop can maintain and repair the things that needed to repair. When we say mobile accessory sales we can conclude that maintain and repair the mobile accessories, such as mobile cover, changing mobiles ice, screen protector and etc. 2. 5 Source of Equipment Source of our equipment are the super market, Production suppliers, and etc. 2. 6 Plan ed capacity The capacity to sale equipment should be greater than the existing one. Also attraction of customer should be better than the others. 0% of equipment should be sale per a day. 50% per a week and 90% per a month. 2. 7 Future capacity In the future we are going to increase customer by increasing the quality of our service more and more. After two year we will open the branch of our Business in appropriate place and we will open job opportunity for jobless persons. 2. 8 Terms and conditions of purchase of Equipment There is no raw material we need since we are not producing by our self simply we get or purchase the equipment from the organization of the product. 2. 9 Factory location and layout Our Mobile accessory Center will be located in one room which is used for selling room. The total size of the rooms will be on 15sq. ft. We does not use any other materials therefore there is no estimation of cost of raw materials and their availability. 2. 10 Labor The manager by himself can participate in working and manages other workers and equipment. And also supervise the entire of the work. 2. 11 Cost of labor The owner will pay will pay himself a wage of birr 1000 and his assistant will be paid birr 600 per month. The other labor get 200 birr and Indirect labor Birr per Month 5 Owner / manager 700 x5=3,500 Sweeper 200 x1=200 Total 3,700 Direct labor Birr per Month Worker 350Ãâ€"1 = 350 Total labor cost 4,050 2. 12 Labor availability Workers available all the time since there are more educated persons in Ethiopia. So we can get labor whenever we need. 2. 13 Labor productivity The wage for workers will paid on holly day depending on condition of market 2. 14 Factory overhead Expenses Factory overhead in our business consists of the following things Per Month Birr Indirect labor 3,700 Electricity and telephone 100 Transport of Materials 200 Total factory overhead 4,000 2. 15 Production cost 1. Direct labor Birr per month Worker 350 x1= 350 2. Factory overhead Expenses Birr per month Indirect labor 3,700 Electricity and telephone 100 Transport of Materials 200 Total factory overhead 4,000 Total production cost 4,350 Chapter Three 3. Organizations and Management 3. 1 Form of Business The business will be registered under the name â€Å"RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center† as a sole proprietorship and owned by Mr. PeterosTona, RebumaYadasa, Shiferaw Tegen, SadikAwol and Siraj Ahmed . It will have its business address located at West showa in Gedo City. 3. 2 Organizational Structure The proprietors have their individual accountability and burdens in successively the business consecutively the business. General Manager Mr. PetrosTona, Finance manager Mr. ShiferawTegen, Marketing and Purchasing Manager RebumaYadasa, Seller Mr. SadikAwol and Mr. Sirage Ahmed as main division of work and when work loaded all members is work as Seller. Two part time will be hired for customers contact and reservation the needs of the regulars. When work load is happens all owners can cover each other tasks to minimize overload of the work. Fig 3. 1 Organizational Structure General Manager Mr. Petros Tona Marketing and purchasing Manager Mr. Rebuma Yadasa Finance manager Mr. Shifera Tegen Seller Mr. SadikAwol and Siraj Ahmed Worker (To be hired) 3. Business experience and qualifications of the entrepreneur Most of the proprietors do not have a proper way business experience but our satisfaction we learn several thing about business in two subjects. The primary of this satisfaction is we learn entrepreneurship and small business management course. In this course we have a good knowledge and confidence to work this business. The other course we take Economi cs, it related to business. All entrepreneurs will get BSC degree in computer science from Jimma University. They took varies major and common course during the 4 years program. Some of the major courses are Calculus , discrete math, economics advanced programming, object oriented programming, fundamental of database system, Internet programming, advanced database system, computer graphics, data communication and computer network, wireless communication and mobile computing, artificial intelligence, distributed system, multimedia system, computer security, formal language theory, compiler design, complex theory, statistics and others. 3. 4 Pre-Operation Activities We listed down the following activates to be started before we can activate our business: 1. Process the steps needed for business 1 day 2. Preparing expressing the business plan 5 weeks 3. Applying for a loan and approval 3 weeks 4. Contact product suppliers 1 week 5. Employment labor 2 days 6. Purchasing product 4 days 7. Setting up the product 1 day We intended to start the operation approximately five months after our credit application, eight weeks after release our loan. Table 3. 1 Giant chart Pre-Operation Activities| Time Table (in weeks)| | 1| 2| 3| 4 | 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| Registering the business| | | | | | | | | | | Preparing the business plan| | | | | | | | | | | Applying for a loan and approval| | | | | | | | | | | Contact equipment suppliers| | | | | | | | | | | Construction the factory| | | | | | | | | | | Hiring labor| | | | | | | | | | | Equipment purchasing| | | | | | | | | | | RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center pre-operation activities 3. 5 Pre- Operation Expenses Our Pre-operation is that we have to decide the place properly to progresses our business. Pre-operating Expense birr Registration cost 200 Electricity 150 Transportation cost 100 Total Pre-operating expense450 3. 6 Office equipment We will just buy three inexpensive tables which are suitable for computers and four chairs, calculators and stabilizer. All this costs birr 18,250. The monthly and annually depreciation for this equipment will be birr 22and 1,825 respectively. 3. 7 Administrative Expense The entrepreneur wants to keep our cost low in order to be competitive. Our monthly administrative expense consists of: Birr Treasure allowance (wife) 290 Depreciation of office equipment 22 Supplies and communication 30 Electricity 200 Total 542 Chapter Four 4 Financial Plan 4. 1 Project cost 4. 1. 1 Fixed assets Building 11,400(Annually in birr) Equipment18,250 Total fixed assets29,650 29,650 4. . 2 Pre-Operation Expense 450 4. 1. 3 Working Capital Monthly purchasing price of each product= monthly amount of each product x purchasing price of each product Annually purchasing price of each product= monthly amount of each product x purchasing price of each product x 12 Products| Monthly amount| Purchasing price(birr) per month| Annually amount | Purchasing price(birr) per year| Battery| 100| 7,345| 1200| 88,140| Charger| 90| 2,205| 1080| 26,460| Memory| 110| 7,22 7| 1320| 86,724| Screen protector| 50| 2,190| 600| 26,280| Case| 55| 935| 660| 11,220| Cover| 95| 2,042. 50| 1140| 24,510| Adapter| 75| 1,395| 900| 16,740| Earphone| 98| 2,254| 1176| 27,048| Headset| 80| 6,832| 960| 81,984| Cable| 60| 2,142| 720| 25,704| Modem| 45| 2,414. 25| 240| 28,971| Audio accessory| 48| 4,416| 576| 52,992| Total| 906| 41,397. 75| 10,872| 496,773| The cost of one month of Purchasing product 41,397. 75 Values of each needed for operation. This will be The cost of one month of labor and overhead 8,050 Total working capital49,447. 75 49,447. 75 Total capital requirement 79,547. 75 4. 2 Financing plan and loan Requirement Initially individually we collect 8,500 birr for each of us which results 42,500 birr covering the cost of building, equipment, labor, factory overhead and pre-operating expense. A loan will be required for the purchasing of product. Particulars| Owner’s equity | Loan | Total | Fixed Capitals| (in birr )| Building | 11,400| -| 11,400| Equipment| 18,250| -| 18,250| Pre-operation expense| 450| -| 450| Working capital| 12,400| 37,047. 75| 49,447. 75| Total | 42,500| 37,047. 75| 79,547. 75| Percent | 53. 43 %| 46. 57%| 100%| 4. 3 security for loan All of owners have a land which is valued at birr 50,000. This land is pledge as security against the loan. 4. 4 Profit and loss statement Birr Sales of 10,872 products with form table of year one sale 573,188 Less: The cost of one month of Purchasing product x 12 496,773 Labor: birr 350 ? 12 4,200 Overhead: birr 4000 ? 12 48,000 548,973 GROSS PROFIT 24,215 Less: Marketing and administration cost birr 40 ? 12 +542Ãâ€"12=480+6504 6,984 OPERATING PROFIT17,231 Less: interest expense 3,705 NET PROFIT BEFORE TAX13,526 For the next three years, the projected income statement appear below Projected income statement (birr) Year| 1| 2| 3| Sales target| 10872| 12171| 13631| Capacity | 76%| 88%| 100%| Sales | 573188| 640632| 719486| Less:| | | | Labor| 4200| 4200| 4200| Overhead| 48000| 48000| 48000| Manufacturing | 52,200| 52200| 52,200| Gross Profit| 24,215| 91,659| 170,513| Less: Mktg&Adm cost| 6,984| 6,984| 6,984| Net Profit Before interest and tax| 17,231| 84,675| 163,529| Less: Interest| 3,705| 2,470| 1,235| Net profit before tax| 13,526| 82,205| 162,294| Accumulative Profit | 13,526| 95,731| 258,025| 4. 5 Cash flow statement Projected cash flow statements (Birr) Particulars| Pre-operation period | Year| | | 1| 2| 3| Cash Inflow| | | | | Equity| 42,500| -| -| -| Borrowing | 37,047| -| -| -| Cash sales *| | 573,188| 640,632| 719,486| Total Cash Inflow| 79,547| 573,188| 640,632| 719,486| Cash Outflow| | | | | Pre-operation expense | 450| -| -| -| Purchase of fixed asset| 29,650| -| -| -| Purchasing product| | 496,773| 556,385| 623,151| Direct Labor | -| 4,200| 4,200| 4,200| Factory/operation Overheads **| -| 48,000| 48,000| 48,000| Market expenses | -| 480| 480| 480| Administrative expense **| -| 6,504| 6,504| 6,504| Interest expense| -| 3,705| 2,470| 1,235| Loan amortization| -| 12,349| 12,349| 12,349| Total cash outflow| 30,100| 572,011| 630,388| 695,919| Net cash Inflow(outflow)| 49,447| 1,177| 10,244| 23,567| Cash Balance Beginning | -| 49,447| 48,270| 58,514| Cash Balancing Ending | 49,447| 48,270| 58,514| 82,081| 4. 6 Balance sheet Projected balanced sheet particular| Pre-operating period| Year | | 1| 2| 3| Assets| | | | | Current asset | | | | | Cash| 49,447| 48,270| 58,514| 82,081| Total current assets | 49,447| 48,270| 58,514| 82,081| Fixed assets | | | | | Building| 11,400| 11,400| 11,400| 11,400| Equipment | 18,250| 18,250| 18,250| 18,250| Net fixed assets | 29,650| 29,650| 29,650| 29,650| Total fixed assets| | | | | Other assets | | | | | Pre-operation expenses | 450| | | | Total assets | 79,547| 79,547| 79,547| 79,547| Liabilities | | | | | Current liabilities | | | | | Loans payable| -| 12,349| 12,349| 12,349| Total current liabilities| | 12,349| 12,349| 12,349| Long term liabilities| | | | | Loan payable| 37,047 | 24,698| 12,349| -| Total long term liabilities| 37,047 | 24,698| 12,349| -| Owners’ equity| | | | | Capital beginning | 42,500| 42,500| 42,500| 42,500| Accumulated capital| -| 42,500| 42,500| 42,500| Add: net profit after tax| | 13,526| 82,205| 162,294| Total owners’ equity| | 56,026| | | Total liabilities and equity| 79,547| 79,547| 79,547| 79,547| 4. 7 Loan Repayment schedule The loan of birr will be paid over a 3 year period. The repayment schedule is as follows: Year | Amount principal outstanding | of installment due at 10%| Interest amount | Total | 1| 37,047| 12,349| 3,705| 16,054| 2| 24,698| 12,349| 2,470| 14,819| | 12,349| 12,349| 1,235| 13,584| 4. 8 Break –even Point (BEP) The brake even point can be calculated as follows Birr Annual sales 573,188 -Annual Fixed cost: Owners’ salary birr 5 ? 700= 3500 /month 42,000 Annual interest 3705 Annual factory depreciation ,395 Other overheads 300/month 3,600 Marketing and administrative cost 6,984 58,684 Annual Variable Cost s: Direct labor 350/month 4,200 Purchasing product 496,773 500,973 Annual Sales ? Annual Fixed Cost = BEP (Annual Sales) Annual sales – annual variable Costs 573,188 x 58, 684 ________________________________________________________ 573,188 -500,973 =465,789 BEP (Annual production) 465,789 BEP percentage Annual fixed cost x 100 _______________________________________ Annual sale – annual variable cost =BEP (percentage) 58,684 x 100 _________________ 573,188- 500,973 = 81. 26% BEP in annual sales = BEP% x annual sales 81. 26 x 573,188 =465,789 4. 9 Return on Investment (ROI) The ROI for this project is as follows: Annual Net Profit 13,526 ____________________________ = ________________ x100 Total Capital Requirement 79,547 = 17% ROI is therefore, 17% The return on owner’s investment (RIO) is: Annual Net Profit 13,526 ____________________________ = __________ x 100 Owners’ investment 42,500 =31. 83% RIO is, therefore, 31. 83%.

The Association Between Cognitive Empathy And Primary And...

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This has also been a great issueRead MoreThe Looming Tower By Lawrence Wright940 Words   |  4 Pagesnonfiction book that covers the decades that lead to the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in the Middle East, and around the world. This book described the how the lives of men from different backgro unds and countries came together and organized the most fear terrorist organization in the modern history. This book goes on to show the lack of understanding that the United States intelligence community had when dealing with the Islamic community, and how all of this culminated into what most rememberRead MoreThe Genesis Of The Islam1859 Words   |  8 Pagesincreasing youth unemployment, the communalisation of culture and the education, lack of peoples the are main-stream political (democratic) leadership, external environment—all contributed of growth Islamist extremism in Bangladesh. Religious fundamentalism, to the process, has gained momentum shape organisedof Political Islam, which are intends to capture the state power by force. The religious fundamentalist forces have successfully with assimilated of religion with reality are pursuing theirRead MorePrejudice against Muslims and Islamic Fundamentalism Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pageslow tolerance for other religio ns and the Islamic government has no separation of church and state, so it’s only normal to assume that their government shall have a low tolerance as well—some however, immediately translate this into terrorism. Through the Islamic government and religion, relations with foreign countries, and separation amongst themselves it can be concluded that Islamic Fundamentalism is clearly a threat to political stability. The Islamic government contributes heavily to the threatRead MoreThe Modern Age Of Islam1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe Islamic world has tried to become strong again through both secularism and religion, with neither answer showing a complete, absolute advantage over the other. This is shown through Atta Turk completely removing Islam out of the newly formed Turkish society, the Baath Party’s secular ideology while still committing massacre, and Hezbollah using a radicalized form of religion to gain political strength. The beginning of the modern age of Islam can be marked with Napoleon’s conquest of Egypt and

Why Division One Athletes Should not Be Paind by their...

Dr. Brenà © Brown, a writer, researcher, and educator was quoted as saying, â€Å"what separates privilege from entitlement is gratitude.† By focusing in on today’s society, ethics has taken a backseat to making an extra buck. While Division One Universities are making upward from seven to nine figures in revenue each year off of their athletics department, athletes on athletic scholarships are starting to get intolerant to not receiving any incentives for playing the game they love. These athletes are becoming so disheartened by the system that they are now speaking out to the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) and the NLRB (National Labor Relations Board) about how they deserve to receive cash incentives for the performance and time they devote to their athletics for the University. However, why should these athletes be entitled to additional money? They should be grateful for the privileges and opportunities they receive at the University and reap the benefits that are intangible to them. Division One athletes should not be able to receive payment in order to participate in their Universities Athletic programs. One-Hundred and Twenty-Five Thousand dollars a year is how much some Division One Collegiate Athletes on Athletic scholarships are getting paid up to each year according to Forbes.com. When it comes down to it, why do they need to be paid anymore? These student athletes who are already on athletic scholarship are essentially being compensated already due to

A Clinical Psychology Free Essays

Clinical psychology is just one of several subdivisions of psychology, focusing on mental disorders and emotional instabilities. A clinical psychologist prevents, evaluates, and treats these problems in individuals. Clinical psychology is an important profession nowadays. We will write a custom essay sample on A Clinical Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking back, the thought of school shootings were unthinkable. Back then, the children who exhibited severe emotional/mental problems were identified and referred to for help. Now they are ignored until they come to school with guns and kill people. Then, instead of being seen as a mental health problem, it becomes a legal problem. Unfortunately, it’s become quite difficult to prosper in this profession. Managed care has cut reimbursement for psychology to such an extent that private practice is becoming almost unfeasable. It is possible, though. Depending on the state, there are licensing requirements. Here in Ohio, that means taking a rigorous exam, and having the educational and supervisory requirements. For instance, one will need a Ph.D. and one year of supervised experience before being able to even sit for the exam. It’s difficult to receive a Ph.D. One must graduate college with virtually straight A’s, and then it’s 4-6 years of graduate school. Once the person is fianlly licensed, they can set up their practice. The Federal Government recognizes education and experience in certifying applicants for entry-level positions. In general, the starting salary for psychologists having a bachelor’s degree was about $20,600 in 1999; those with superior academic records could begin at $25,500. Psychologists with a master’s degree and 1 year of experience could start at $31,200 . Psychologists having a Ph.D. or Psy.D. degree and 1 year of internship could start at $37,800, and some individuals with experience could start at $45,200. Beginning salaries were slightly higher in selected areas of the country where the prevailing local pay level was higher. The average annual salary for psychologists in the Federal Government was $66,800 in early 1999. The working conditions for a clinical psychologist is the same as a psychologist in any other field of study. Clinical psychologists work in comfortable office settings, classrooms, or laboratories. Some that are in a private practice choose to set their own hours, but may have to work evenings and weekends to accommodate client schedules. For clinical psychologists that teach at places of education, they might divide their time between teaching, research, and administrative responsibilities. The types of jobs available are working in counseling centers, independent or group practices, hospitals, or clinics. As you can see, there’s a wide variety of places to work, it’s based on the person’s preference. In conclusion, clinical psychologists might have a rough time making it to the top, but once they do, it’ll be worthwhile in both pay and experience. How to cite A Clinical Psychology, Papers A Clinical Psychology Free Essays Clinical psychology is just one of several subdivisions of psychology, focusing on mental disorders and emotional instabilities. A clinical psychologist prevents, evaluates, and treats these problems in individuals. Clinical psychology is an important profession nowadays. We will write a custom essay sample on A Clinical Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking back, the thought of school shootings were unthinkable. Back then, the children who exhibited severe emotional/mental problems were identified and referred to for help. Now they are ignored until they come to school with guns and kill people. Then, instead of being seen as a mental health problem, it becomes a legal problem. Unfortunately, it’s become quite difficult to prosper in this profession. Managed care has cut reimbursement for psychology to such an extent that private practice is becoming almost unfeasable. It is possible, though. Depending on the state, there are licensing requirements. Here in Ohio, that means taking a rigorous exam, and having the educational and supervisory requirements. For instance, one will need a Ph.D. and one year of supervised experience before being able to even sit for the exam. It’s difficult to receive a Ph.D. One must graduate college with virtually straight A’s, and then it’s 4-6 years of graduate school. Once the person is fianlly licensed, they can set up their practice. The Federal Government recognizes education and experience in certifying applicants for entry-level positions. In general, the starting salary for psychologists having a bachelor’s degree was about $20,600 in 1999; those with superior academic records could begin at $25,500. Psychologists with a master’s degree and 1 year of experience could start at $31,200 . Psychologists having a Ph.D. or Psy.D. degree and 1 year of internship could start at $37,800, and some individuals with experience could start at $45,200. Beginning salaries were slightly higher in selected areas of the country where the prevailing local pay level was higher. The average annual salary for psychologists in the Federal Government was $66,800 in early 1999. The working conditions for a clinical psychologist is the same as a psychologist in any other field of study. Clinical psychologists work in comfortable office settings, classrooms, or laboratories. Some that are in a private practice choose to set their own hours, but may have to work evenings and weekends to accommodate client schedules. For clinical psychologists that teach at places of education, they might divide their time between teaching, research, and administrative responsibilities. The types of jobs available are working in counseling centers, independent or group practices, hospitals, or clinics. As you can see, there’s a wide variety of places to work, it’s based on the person’s preference. In conclusion, clinical psychologists might have a rough time making it to the top, but once they do, it’ll be worthwhile in both pay and experience. How to cite A Clinical Psychology, Papers

Market Performance Level Under Different †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Market Performance And Price Level Under Different? Answer: Introduction The price of different product is one of the important parameter which decides upon the supply and demand rate in the market. It is often believed that in slow Economic growth circumstances, it is often effective to lower the level of pricing of consumer products. Lower level of pricing will thereby help to increase the total amount of sales and hence, more profit can be earned. However, according to many expert economists, the pricing strategy of a product should be done according to the level of demand. If the prices of the products are raised too high by the sellers, where the demand of a product is less than they can offer it will end up having surplus products. The sellers, will then have to sell those products act much lower rate until and unless the stock is over. On the other hand is the prices of the products are set too low, and then it will be possible to sell the entire stock before the demand is being fulfilled. This will ultimately lead to a shortage of consumer product s with in the market. Moreover it will lead to more loss for the sellers. With increased level of prices, the total number of suppliers for a product also increases due to the fact that they are able to make better amount of profit. The demand of a product also increases due to lowering price level. In the given context, the current report will discuss about the effects of pricing drop that are done in business with the intention of improving the profit level. The effects of price drops will be discussed by comparing the same across different industries. General Principal and relevant Concepts According to the work of Ingenbleek et al. (2013), the prices of product are generally being decided with the approach of choice between market penetrating price and market skimming. Research paper also highlighted about various complexities that are involved in the consumer market about deciding the level of prices during the time of product entry. It is important for the marketing manager to use different parameters in order to compare the pricing of a product that has been introduced in the market. This comparison is being made with similar kinds of products, which are already present in the market. The high level of complexity that is involved in deciding upon the pricing of a product is due to the fact that if prices are too high, then a company might lose majority of the potential customers. Hence, according to Ingenbleek et al. (2013), during the time, when a new product is being introduced in the market, the prices are generally kept at lower level. The negative impact of thi s decision making process is due to the fact that it can compromise upon the immediate profit potential that a company could have made. With high level of profit, it can also be possible for the company to improve upon the features and quality that are being offered within a particular product. Another negative aspect of this strategy is due to the fact that most of the Potential customers might lose trust over the product due to the fact that most of the customers have a belief that is not possible to get good quality product at lower level of pricing. Hence, the reputation of the product is at stake in long term process. Alghalith, et al. (2014), have suggested that new pricing techniques will be implemented that can help in the process of deciding the product pricing. Hence, it is evident that Product pricing strategy is an important criterion, which decides upon its market performance. The pricing of a product should be decided upon its current market value and demand among the consumers. The level of competition or cost informed pricing strategy along with value informed pricing strategy is being used in the current techniques. Thereby it can be said that lowering the level of prices may not be an effective technique as the cost of the product will always depend upon current market demand among the potential customers The research paper of Tappata (2006), has discussed the effects of the poor level of information that are being provided to the customers while deciding upon the pricing of a product. It is important for the business organisations to provide the correct information about the factors, which decides upon the price of a product. The customers often face price dispersion due to the fact that the same product can have different level of pricing across different stores or brands. The research paper of Tappata (2006), highlighted about the term called Consumer search price, which is the cost the customers have to bear, while they shift from one brand to other in the intention of getting the product at much lower rate. It has been seen that in many markets the price of consumer product rises at much greater rate than it falls, which is at much lower rates. This can be one of the major reasons for lower level of competitive advantage among many business firms. Hence it is evident from the fac t that the companies should have the potential to fluctuate their pricing of product depending upon the current market demand. As the companies are able to fluctuate the pricing depending upon the customer's demand, it is possible for them reduce the cost of the search price that are spent by the customers. Application of price drops in retail/grocery and electronic industry According to Wu et al. (2016), the business forms selling basic consumer products like grocery or retail items need to have effective pricing strategies depending upon the situation of the market. Fluctuations in the pricing of basic consumer product can have significant effect on the profit level of a company. However, Berg et al. (2015), argued about the fact that companies do not have to face high level of challenge while deciding upon the price of retail and basic grocery products due to the fact that the demand of these products are always high. This therefore provider company the opportunity to impose high level of pricing. There are very minor changes among the customer with the fluctuation in the pricing of basic grocery products. The demand of the grocery product is always high among the consumer market and is irrelevant of the level of supply within the market. Carranza et al. (2015), have mentioned about the fact that retail and grocery manufactures rely upon the price promotion strategies that is one of the effective ways to increase the level of sales in the market. This can have serious effects on the overall revenues that are being made by the companies. From the research work of Modak et al. (2015), it is clear about the fact that lower pricing strategies can have little level of long term effect on the overall volume of sales. The revenue and the profit margin also can quickly get back to the baseline. On the other hand, the effects on the short term scale can be both positive and negative, which depends upon the situations. The effects of the price drops within the electronic industrial products are quite different from that of the retail or grocery products. The most relevant and basic differences between this industry is due to the fact that the demand of the electronic products are quite low compared to that of the retail or grocery products. Hence, unlike the customers products in the retail industry, the manufactures in the electronic products do not have the opportunity to higher the prices of the products. Moreover, due to the fact that there is more number of electronic suppliers in the market than the rate of actual demand, the surge in the price can thereby have the effect of lowering the sales volume (Kassakian and Jahns 2013). Effect of Price Drops among customers and business man Mao et al. (2017), have mentioned about the fact that the buying decisions that are made by the customers are dependent on the level of pricing. It is also relevant to mention in the context that the effects of the price drops can vary among different types of groups. This mainly depends upon the fact that many customers do not have faith over the quality of the products, when the prices of the products are lowered. On the other hand, the companies can make more profit from certain group of customers. From the point of view of the business owners, it is essential from them to decide upon the policy of price drops depending upon the buying behaviour or the psychology of the target groups of customers. Conclusion On the conclusion note, it can be said that the effects of price drop can vary within the consumers market depending upon the level of demand of particular products. It is the duty of the marketing managers to analyze the level of the demand market and the volume of the supply chain. The effects of the price drop in the consumer market can vary depending upon the types of industry and the type or buying behaviour of target customers groups. Reference Alghalith, M., Floros, C. and Poufinas, T., 2014. Simplified option pricing techniques (No. 11-2014). Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Economics. Berg, M., Hartley, B. and Richters, O., 2015. A stock-flow consistent inputoutput model with applications to energy price shocks, interest rates, and heat emissions. New journal of physics, 17(1), p.015011. Carranza, J.E., Clark, R. and Houde, J.F., 2015. Price controls and market structure: Evidence from gasoline retail markets. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 63(1), pp.152-198. Ingenbleek, P., Frambach, R.T. and Verhallen, T.M., 2013. Best practices for new product pricing: impact on market performance and price level under different conditions. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(3), pp.560-573. Kassakian, J.G. and Jahns, T.M., 2013. Evolving and emerging applications of power electronics in systems. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 1(2), pp.47-58. Mao, T., Lau, W.H., Shum, C., Chung, H.S.H., Tsang, K.F. and Tse, N.C.F., 2017. A Regulation Policy of EV Discharging Price for Demand Scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. Modak, N.M., Panda, S. and Sana, S.S., 2016. Pricing policy and coordination for a distribution channel with manufacturer suggested retail price. International Journal of Systems Science: Operations Logistics, 3(2), pp.92-101. Tappata, M., 2006. Consumer Search, Price Dispersion, and Asymmetric Pricing (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles). Wu, L., Liu, S. and Yang, Y., 2016. Grey double exponential smoothing model and its application on pig price forecasting in China. Applied Soft Computing, 39, pp.117-123.

Research Methodology free essay sample

The term research refers to the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem, formulating a hypothesis , collecting the facts or data , analyzing the facts and reaching the certain conclusions either in the form of solutions toward the concerned problems or in certain generalizations for some theoretical formulations It is actually a voyage of discovery Research Purposes To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into the object-( termed a exploratory or formulative research studies) To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual , situation or a group- termed as descriptive research studies. To determine the frequency with which something occur s or with which it is associated with something else (studies with this object in view are knows a s diagnostic research studies To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (such studies r known as hypothesis-testing research studies Significance of Research In the field of applied economics whether related to business or to the country as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methodology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page – increasingly complex nature of business , as an aid to economic policy both for government and business. Provides the basis for nearly all government policies in our economic system- govt. budgets, basis for policy development Special significance in solving various operational and planning problems of business and industry . operational research, marketing research. and along with motivational research is considered crucial that results in business decision making. Equally important for social scientists in studying social relationships and seeking answer to the various social problem. Basic Types of Research Descriptive vs. Analytical: Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-findings enquiries of different kinds for the purpose of description of the state of affairs as it exist at present. Case Ref: HRM Practice in Grameen Phone for Employee Retention On the other hand Analytical research use facts or information that already available , and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material. Case Ref: Performance Measurement or business and its activity. Applied vs. Fundamental: Applied research aims at finding a solution for and immediate problem facing a society or an industry or business. , Case Ref: Applied research in complex accounting and reporting issue Where as fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalizations and with the formulation of a theory. Case Ref. Educational Research Quantitative vs. Qualitative: Quantitative research based on the measurement of quantity or amount. Case Ref. Population Survey or CENSUS Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i. e. . Relating to or involving quality or kind ex. Case Ref. Population Survey, Human behavior or job satisfactions. Concept vs. Empirical: Conceptual research is related to some abstract ideas or reinterpret existing ones. Case Ref. New Product / Business Development On the other hand Empirical research relies on experience or observation alone Case Ref. Empirical Inquires and Investigation on various case Study. Others Research: Field research, laboratory research, historical research etc. Research Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically, where we study the various steps or that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying the problem along with logic behind them. The researcher should know not only the methods/technique but also the methodology. Researcher not only need to know how to develop certain indices or tests, how to calculate the mean, median, mode, SD but they also need to know which of these methods or techniques are relevant and which area not, and what would be mean and indicate to take decision / action under certain criteria/assumption or standard. All this means that are necessary for the researcher to design his methodology for his problem as the same may differ from problem to problem Scope of Research Methodology The scope of research methodologies includes research methods and the logic behinds the methods we use in the context of our research study and explain why we are using a particular method or technique and why we are not using others so that research results are capable of being evaluated either by the researcher himself or by others. Why a research study has been undertaken? How the research problem has been defined? In what way and why the hypothesis has been formulated ? What data have been collected and why particular method has been adopted, what particular technique is used n similar other questions are usually answered when we talk of research methodology concerning a research problem or study ? Qualities of Good Research Good research is systematic : that is structured with specified steps in a sequence as defined set of rules. Good research is logical: that is logical reasoning and logical process or great value in carrying out research. Logical research makes research more meaningful in the context of decision making. Good research is Empirical: related to one or more aspects of a real situation and deals with concrete data for external validity purpose. Good research is Replicable: Research results to be verified by replicating the study and thereby a sound basis for decision. PROBLEM FACED IN RESEARCH lack of scientific training in the methodology of research Insufficient interaction between the university research departments Lack of confidence on researcher due to misuse of core information Researcher studies overlapping one another are undertaken quite often for want of adequate information. There doesn’t exist a code of conduct for researchers and inter-university and inter departmental rivalries are also quite common. Lack of adequate and timely secretarial assistance There is also the difficulty of timely available of published data from various government and other agencies. Case Ref: HRM Practice in Grameen Phone for Employee Retention Problem Statement strong competition in Business (Inter/Nationally) especially cause of scarce high education talent, and makes employee retention a significant move in keeping competitive Edge. Employee retention refers to policies and practices companies use to prevent valuable employees from leaving their job An effective human resource management practices namely employee empowerment, training and development, appraisal system compensation are the main factor for the success of a firm on employee retention Quantitative data was collected using the non probability self administered questionnaire that consist of questions with 5-points Likert scales distributed to our samples of 278 individuals. By using a Multiple Regression Analysis, it is found that, training and development, appraisal system, compensation package are significant to employee retention except employee empowerment Employees are the backbone of an organization. Hence, the retention of the employees is important in keeping the organization on track. In order to retain the best talents, strategies aimed at satisfying employee’s needs are implemented, regardless of global companies or small-sized firms. Hypothesis Of Study Employee Training H0: There is no significant relationship between employee training and employee retention. H1: There is significant relationship between employee training and employee retention. Appraisal System H0: There is no significant relationship between appraisal system and employee retention. H1: There is significant relationship between appraisal system and employee retention. Employee Compensation H0: There is no significant relationship between employee compensation and employee retention. H1: There is significant relationship between employee compensation and employee retention. Employee Empowerment H0: There is no significant relationship between employee empowerment and employee retention. H1: There is significant relationship between employee empowerment and employee retention. According to the model summary above, the R square value had gain 0. 680, which is 68 percent. These mean that 68% of dependent variable of retention can be explained by it 4 independent variable. The independent variable refer to include employee empowerment, compensation, training and appraisal system in this research, it will conclude that 32% (100% 68%) of dependent variable of retention is explained by other potential factors. The value of adjusted R square with value of 0. 463 which 46. 3% represented the significant contribution of the 4 independent variable toward dependent variable. Table ANOVA Model Summary Table at above determine satisfactory result as the significance level of the model is not over or smaller than 0. 05. Thus, model that used in this research is good. Multiple Regression Analysis Table . Multiple Regression Coefficient Multiple Regression equation: Y= C + ? X1 + ? X2 + ? X3 +†¦.. + ? Xn Y= Prediction relationship of types of variables toward retention. C= Constant value. ?= Unstandardized coefficient. X= Dimension of independent variable (employee empowerment, compensation, training and appraisal system). Based on the above table, we able to derive the following equation: Y= 0. 577 + 0. 047X1 + 0. 413X2 + 0. 155X3 + 0. 262X4 This can be interpreted that the increase of 1 unit of employee empowerment (X1) may incur the raise of 0. 047 units in retention (Y). However, for the independent variable of compensation, every 1 unit of increase will incur the raise of 0. 413 units in dependentvariable, retention. On the others hand, 1 unit increase in training may cause 0. 155 units of retention to increase. Finally, appraisal variable also have a constant relation with retention, it is every 1 unit increase in appraisal with incur the raise of 0. 262 units in retention. The highest beta indicates the independent variable is the most significant variable toward it dependent variable. From the table above, the independent variable of compensation has the highest positive beta of 0. 378, this mean that the independent variable of compensation has contribute the most and has stronger effect toward the retention if compare to others independent variable. Discussions on Major Findings Hypothesis Result Supported H1 : There is significant relationship between employee empowerment and employee retention. r =0. 417 p=0. 454 (p 0. 05) No H2 : There is significant relationship between employee compensation and employee retention. r = 0. 608 p = 0. 00 (p 0. 01) Yes H3 : There is significant relationship between employee training and employee retention. r = 0. 485 p = 0. 013 (p 0. 05) Yes H4 : There is significant relationship between appraisal system and employee retention. r = 0. 579 p = 0. 00 (p 0. 01) Yes The findings found from this study will be particularly useful for top organization to understand how they can do better to improve their employee retention strategy. the study provide empirical evidence that supports all the above independent variables to be significantly affecting the employee retention. As what the study has shown, there are significant relationship between the factors of training, compensation and appraisal on Employee retention. However, the factor of empowerment is not so significantly related to employee retention as founded from this study. This reflects the major finding of this study on how different culture might have different expectation on determining their employment satisfaction and retention.